Normally,Welding rollers are manufactured with silicon nitride ceramics are tougher and have a service life of up to 20 to 30 times that of welding rollers made from steel. Longitudinally welded pipes are used in a variety of applications, for instance in heating installations or as pipelines.

We can produce different type of Ceramic welding rollers ,we can produce according to your sample or drawing ,for more information just feel free to contact with us free

seven@mklbearing.com

For the most part, 608 bearings are the most common dimension used  for fidget spinner bearings.

The 608 bearings are with inner diameter 8mm ,outer diameter 22mm and height 7mm ; there are different type of 608 bearings such as different material Chrome steel Gcr15, stainless steel ,ceramic ;we can produce bearings as what you need ;

Below here is common bearings we produced; 608 fidget spinner bearings are produce with Chrome steel , open - no shield, with a nylon cage, with no grease; we can provide sample before order ; MKL BEARINGS can produce Best Fidget Spinner Bearings For Fast Long Spins for more information just feel free to contact with us free .


E-mail:seven@mklbearing.com

The radial clearance of high temp bearings includes the initial clearance, assembly clearance, and operating clearance. The operating clearance will directly affects the service life of the bearing and is influenced by factors such as installation conditions and operating conditions.

Clearance is an important technical parameter for the fit of rolling bearings, directly affecting technical performance such as load distribution, vibration, noise, wear, temperature rise, service life, and mechanical operation accuracy. The basic dynamic load rating of a bearing varies with the size of the clearance, and the recommended value of the basic dynamic load rating in bearing specifications is based on a working clearance of zero.

If the clearance is too large, the number of rolling elements carrying the load decreases, reducing the load-carrying capacity of the bearing. This leads to increased stress on the rolling contact surfaces, decreased operating accuracy of the bearing, increased vibration and noise, and shortened service life. If the clearance is too small, it can cause the bearing to overheat, increase in temperature, and even result in bearing seizure during operation. Therefore, it is essential to select the appropriate clearance for bearings based on the bearing type, operating conditions, and other factors.

The factors influencing the radial operating clearance of high-temperature bearings and how to select the radial operating clearance appropriately will be discussed below.

1. Factors affecting the radial working clearance of High temperature Bearings

(1) Elastic contact deformation of rolling elements and rings

Under the action of working load, the radial force of high-temperature bearings causes the inner ring to produce elastic contact deformation and expand, thereby causing the radial clearance of the bearing to decrease. The reduction amount is [1]6. 3 ×106×DwlΔ ′1 = 28 ×10- 6FrZllgFr(mm)(1) Where: Fr is the radial load, N; Dw is the roller diameter, mm; l is the roller length, mm; Z is the number of rollers. Similarly, under the action of radial force, the outer ring of the bearing will also produce elastic contact deformation and expand, thereby causing the radial clearance of the bearing to increase by [1]9. 1 ×106×DwlΔ 〃1 = 28 ×10- 6FrZllgFr(mm)(2) Comparing equations (1) and (2), it is known that under the action of Δ ′, the elastic contact deformation between the rolling element and the inner and outer rings results in an increase in the radial clearance of the bearing, and the increase is Δ1=Δ 〃11<Δ 〃1. Under the working load of 1- Δ ′

(2) Interference fit between the ring and the shaft neck and the bearing seat

The inner and outer rings of the bearing are respectively connected to the shaft neck and the bearing seat by interference fit. The interference will cause the original clearance of the bearing to change and form an assembly clearance. The interference fit between the inner ring and the shaft neck makes it expand slightly, while the interference fit between the outer ring and the bearing seat makes it shrink. The overall effect results in a reduction in the radial clearance of the bearing. For cylindrical roller bearings, the inner and outer rings can be regarded as thick-walled cylinders. According to the elastic thick ring theory [2-4], the deformation of the inner and outer rings due to interference fit can be obtained, that is, the reduction in bearing clearance.

(3) Elasticity between rolling elements and rings

When the rolling elements and the inner and outer ring raceways of the fluid dynamic lubrication oil film bearing are in operation, elastic deformation occurs, and an elastic fluid dynamic lubrication oil film is formed between the contact surfaces. The thickness of the oil film is related to the surface roughness of the bearing rollers and the two contact surfaces. In the state of complete elastic fluid lubrication, the load is entirely borne by the oil film. In fact, when the bearing is working, the rollers and the inner and outer ring raceways are mostly mixed lubrication, and the load is borne by the oil film and the matrix. The existence of the oil film thickness will reduce the radial clearance of the bearing.

The minimum oil film thickness between the roller and the inner and outer ring raceways is calculated using the Dowsow2Higginson formula [6]: hmin = 2.65α0.54(η0V)0.7ρ0.43E′(μm) where: α is the pressure viscosity coefficient of the lubricating oil, 1/MPa, and α = 2.2×10-2; η0 is the dynamic viscosity of the lubricating oil at atmospheric pressure, MPa s; V is the average linear velocity between the roller and the inner and outer ring raceways, mm/s; ρ is the equivalent radius, mm; the equivalent radius of the roller and the inner ring RiDw2 Ri+Dw (Ri is the inner ring raceway radius), the equivalent radius of the roller and the outer ring ρouter = ReDw2 Re-Dw (Re is the outer ring raceway radius); W is the load per unit length of the linear contact between the roller and the inner and outer ring raceways, N/mm; E′ is the comprehensive elastic modulus of the material, MPa, E′ = 1. 098 9 E, E is the elastic modulus. The minimum oil film thickness between the roller and the inner and outer ring raceways hminin and hminouter are calculated using formula (14), and the total oil film thickness between the roller and the inner and outer ring raceways is h = hminin + hminouter. The oil film thickness will reduce the radial clearance of the bearing, and the reduction is equal to the total oil film thickness between the roller and the inner and outer ring raceways, that is, Δ3 = hminin + hminouter (μm).

(4) Influence of bearing working temperature rise

During operation, the bearing will generate heat due to friction and other reasons, causing the temperature to rise. The magnitude of the friction temperature rise of the bearing can be expressed by the friction heat Q = 0.900 4Mn × 10- 4, where: M is the friction torque; n is the bearing speed, r/min. Under normal circumstances, the operating temperature of the bearing does not exceed 100 ℃. Since the surface area of the outer ring is larger than that of the inner ring, the heat dissipation speed is fast, making the temperature of the outer ring lower than that of the inner ring. Therefore, the thermal expansion of the inner ring is greater than that of the outer ring, resulting in a smaller clearance when the bearing is working than when installed. In addition, when the temperature rises, the temperature of the rolling element will also increase, causing (16) the clearance to be further reduced. The clearance reduction caused by the temperature difference between the inner and outer rings is [5]Δ4= Deα0Δt    (mm) where: α0 is the linear expansion coefficient of the bearing steel, 1/℃, for steel α0= 1.12 × 10-5; Δt is the temperature difference between the inner and outer rings, usually taken as (17)510℃.

2. selection reasonable  radial clearance for Ball bearings for high temperature applications

The above analysis shows the main factors affecting the radial clearance of rolling bearings. Among them, the elastic contact deformation between the rolling element and the inner and outer rings caused by the working load increases the radial clearance of the bearing, and the other factors reduce the radial clearance of the bearing. Considering the influence of other factors such as lubricating oil, rotation speed, bearing quality and assembly structure on the radial working clearance of the bearing, in order for the bearing to work normally, its radial working clearance Δ should satisfy the following formula Δ≥(Δ2+Δ3+Δ4- Δ1). After calculating the required radial working clearance of the bearing according to formula (18), select the appropriate (18) bearing according to the clearance group specified in the bearing standard.

MKL BEARINGS can produce High temperature bearings for Furnaces and kilns,Jet engines and gas turbines,Chemical processing,High-speed machining,Bakeries such as for car paint baking ovens, commercial pizza ovens, and carpet drying ovens. Glass plants,Conveyor systems,for more information just feel free to  contact us at  seven@mklbearing.com

Dimension :customized

Material : Chrome steel Gcr15
Hardness : 60-65 HRC
Diameter tolerance: 0,-0.005

Diameter tolerance: 0,-0.05

For more information about Needle Rollers, Axles, and Pins just feel free to contact with us at  seven@mklbearing.com

U groove bearings are a type of bearing designed with a U-shaped groove on the outer ring. These bearings are commonly used in applications where the bearing needs to run along a U-shaped track or rail to guide the movement of a component. The U groove allows the bearing to ride smoothly along the track while maintaining alignment and reducing friction;we can produce different type of  custom made bearings ,such as U groove wheel, V groove bearings , H type ,O type …

U groove bearings are often used in various applications such as sliding doors, gates, windows, and other machinery where linear motion is required. They are available in different sizes and materials to suit different load capacities and environmental conditions. MKL BEARINGS can produce different type of V-Groove Bearing,U Groove wheels

These bearings are popular due to their simplicity, ease of installation, and reliable performance in guiding linear motion.

MKL BEARINGS is a professiona bearings & rollers factory ,for material we can produce with ceramic ,plastic ,Chrome steel ,stainless steel ;For bearings type we can produce with  Deep Groove Ball bearings,Shower Pulleys,non-standard bearing,Doors and windows Rollers,miniature bearings,bathroom roller,drawer roller,furniture roller...

If you have any bearings ,roller or wheels requirements just feel free to contact with us ,we can produce as your sample or drawing ;and sample can be provide for test before order .

 

In daily life, the toilet is one of the most frequently used fixtures in any household. Every internal component plays a crucial role in keeping your toilet functioning smoothly. One part that’s often overlooked is the toilet flapper (also known as the flush valve seal or rubber flapper), which is essential for proper flushing and preventing leaks from the tank. So, how often should you replace your toilet flapper? Let’s find out.

 

1. Why Does Replacing a Toilet Flapper Matter?

 

The flapper seals the flush valve at the bottom of the tank, preventing water from leaking out. When you press the flush button or handle, it quickly lifts to allow water to exit and flush the toilet.

However, over time, flappers can wear out due to constant exposure to water. They may shrink, deform, or become brittle, causing poor sealing. This leads to continuous tank leakage, reduced flushing power, and increased water bills. Regularly checking and replacing your toilet flapper ensures reliable toilet performance and prevents unnecessary water waste and household costs.

 

2. How Long Does a Toilet Flapper Last?

 

Typically, a toilet flapper lasts around 3 to 5 years. But the actual lifespan can vary depending on several factors:

 

• Material Differences: Common materials include PVC, rubber, and ABS.

 

1. PVC flappers are affordable and widely available but tend to shrink over time and lose sealing performance.
2. Rubber flappers are more durable and water-resistant than PVC and are less likely to shrink, though slightly more expensive.
3. ABS flappers are rigid and highly heat-resistant, but the sealing ring (usually rubber) can still degrade with age.

 

• Water Quality: Hard water with minerals or debris can speed up material breakdown and aging.

 

• Cleaning Habits: Using toilet cleaners with bleach or strong chemicals can erode the flapper material and reduce its lifespan.

 

While 3–5 years is a general guide, it's best to check regularly and replace based on actual usage and condition.

 

3. Signs It’s Time to Replace Your Toilet Flapper

 

Here are common signs indicating your flapper may need replacing:

 

• Continuous leaking: If your toilet tank keeps refilling or the fill valve is always active, water may be escaping due to a faulty flapper seal.

 

• Deformed or sticky flapper: If the flapper feels warped, sticky, or looks worn out, it likely can’t seal properly anymore.

 

4. How to Confirm It’s a Flapper Problem

 

Use these simple tests to determine if the issue lies with the flapper:

 

• Blue dye test: Add a few drops of blue food coloring into the tank and wait 10 minutes without flushing. If colored water appears in the bowl, the flapper is leaking.

 

• Visual inspection: Open the tank lid and check for signs of cracks, warping, or poor alignment with the flush valve seat.

 

5. How to Extend the Life of a Toilet Flapper

 

To prolong the lifespan of your toilet flapper and avoid frequent replacements:

 

• Avoid using in-tank bleach tablets or harsh toilet cleaners.

 

• Regularly clean the inside of the tank to remove mineral buildup or debris that can interfere with the flapper’s seal.

 

• Inspect the flapper periodically and replace it as soon as you see signs of aging or damage.

 

6. Conclusion: Routine Checks Save Water and Money

 

Though small, the toilet flapper plays a major role in conserving water and preventing leaks. We recommend inspecting your toilet tank at least once a year to catch issues early.

Replacing an old flapper is a quick, low-cost fix that can help avoid high water bills and reduce unnecessary water usage—benefiting both your home and the environment.

 

A toilet sealing ring, also known as a toilet tank to bowl gasket or tank-to-bowl seal, is a round gasket installed between the bottom of the toilet cistern and the ceramic toilet bowl. Note: This gasket is only used in two-piece toilets, where the tank and bowl are separate units.These gaskets are usually made from rubber, foam, or high-flexibility silicone, offering excellent sealing and cushioning properties. Its primary function is to form a waterproof barrier between the tank and the bowl, preventing leaks onto the bathroom floor when the toilet is flushed.

 

Three Key Functions of the Sealing Ring

 

1. Prevent Water Leakage

The sealing ring fits around the outlet of the flush valve and tightly seals the connection between the toilet tank and the bowl. It effectively prevents water from leaking through the gaps during flushing, keeping the bathroom floor dry and clean.

 

2. Cushion and Stabilize the Connection

The ring also serves as a cushion between the ceramic tank and bowl, reducing impact and stress. It helps prevent micro-cracks or damage that may occur during installation or use, and keeps the tank stable over time.

 

3. Improve Installation Fit

In reality, the tank and bowl may not always align perfectly due to surface irregularities or size tolerances. The sealing ring helps fill these gaps and ensures a tighter, more stable fit, reducing the chances of wobbling or leaks.

 

Common Problems When the Seal Ring Ages

 

Over time, the sealing ring may deteriorate due to constant exposure to water, pressure, and temperature changes. Common signs of a worn-out ring include:

 

1.Water leaking from the base when flushing

 

2.Persistent dampness or odor near the toilet

 

3.Tank wobbling or feeling unstable

 

If you notice any of these issues, it’s likely time to replace the gasket.

 

How to Replace a Toilet Tank Seal Ring

 

Here’s a step-by-step guide to replacing the sealing ring:

 

1. Turn off the water supply and flush the toilet to empty the tank;

 

2. Remove the tank bolts (usually located underneath the tank) using a wrench;

 

3. Carefully separate the tank from the bowl;

 

4. Remove the old gasket and clean any debris or residue from the tank outlet and bowl inlet;

 

5. Install the new sealing ring, align it properly, and reattach the tank;

 

6. Tighten the bolts, turn the water supply back on, and flush to test for leaks.

 

While this process is straightforward, we recommend choosing a high-quality, well-fitted toilet tank gasket to ensure leak-free performance and long-term durability.

 

Conclusion

 

Although small and hidden, the sealing ring between the toilet tank and bowl plays a vital role in preventing leaks, stabilizing the tank, and maintaining hygiene. If neglected, an aged or damaged gasket can lead to water waste, weak flushing, foul smells, and even bacterial growth.For best performance, we recommend replacing the toilet seal ring every 2–3 years as part of regular maintenance.

Arc Spark Optical emission Spectrometer-Introduction to CCD Photoelectric Detector

Traditional spectral detection system for the monochromator plus photomultiplier tube (PMT) Since the 1970s, it is desired to use photodiode arrays (SPDA) and other photoelectric sensors to establish a three-dimensional spectral map, and develop the corresponding processing technology. SPDA not only can obtain a certain range of detection information in the wavelength range, but also has the flexibility of integration capabilities, but it is not as sensitive and dynamic range as PMT, and the noise is larger, the linear range is narrow, and the dark current is also large, while the CCD makes up for these shortcomings.

There are several properties of CCD that are closely related to spectrometer instruments:

(1) High sensitivity and low noise. CCD devices have a very high quantum efficiency, at least 10%, up to 90% or more. Its charge transfer efficiency of almost 100%, it works at low temperatures almost no dark current, the noise is almost close to zero, the latest CCD devices, has achieved a very high signal-to-noise ratio at room temperature, very low dark current, fully meet the requirements of the instrument in the analysis of the constant and micro-analysis. The above advantages make the sensitivity of CCD devices exceed that of other detectors (e.g. PMT and SPDA), and the lower limit of detection reaches pg level or even fg level.

(2) Wide spectral range (200~1050nm). Quantum efficiency can be as high as 90 % in the visible region (400~500nm) and at least 10 % between the far ultraviolet region (200nm) and the near infrared (1000nm). In the 100 ~ 1100nm wide spectral region, CCD have high quantum efficiency, and most of the emission, absorption and scattering spectral instruments are working in this region, so the CCD has become an ideal detector for all kinds of spectral instruments.

(3) Wide dynamic linear response range of 10 magnitudes. The CCD has a wide response range and ideal response linearity of 10 magnitudes, and maintains a linear response throughout the dynamic response range, which is of particular significance for quantitative spectral analysis.

(4) Geometric stability, resistance to overexposure: CCD is stable in its geometric, thermal and electrical properties after a long period of operation, and is not afraid of overexposure, so it is stronger and more durable than PMT.

(5) Multiple channels can be sampled simultaneously to obtain a three-dimensional wavelength-intensity-time spectrogram, which can be used in conjunction with a photocathode device to observe X-ray images.

These characteristics of CCD make it an ideal detector for spectrometers. In the last two Pittsburgh conferences, a series of research reports were presented on CCD detectors for emission spectrometers, Raman spectrometers, fluorescence spectrophotometry, etc. It is expected that CCD will become a detector for all kinds of spectral instruments in a few years to replace the photomultiplier tubes.

Are you looking for a way to enhance your warehouse capacity in a flexible solution? Well, the mezznine floor is what you need. It can increase your picking eifficiency, such as cartons, accessories, case, etc., from thieves and help you increase capacity and storage operation efficiency. So, let’s look at its advantages that will quicken your decisions.

 

List of the 9 Benefits Of Owning a Mezzanine Flooring in Your Warehouse

• Maximize Vertical Space
• Cost-Effective Expansion
• Versatile Usage Options
• Quick Installation
• Improved Workflow and Organization
• Customizable to Your Needs
• Increased Property Value
• Adapted to Business Growth

 

9 Benefits Of Owning Mezzanine Flooring in Your Warehouse

 

Maximize Vertical Space

 

Instead of expanding outward, expand upward. Mezzanine flooring allows you to utilize previously unused vertical space, especially in high-ceiling warehouses. It’s like unlocking a whole new level of productivity—without changing your footprint.

 

Cost-Effective Expansion

 

Need more space but don’t want to commit to a new building lease or costly construction? A mezzanine floor provides a significantly cheaper alternative to relocation or expansion, saving you both time and money.

 

Versatile Usage Options

 

Whether you need additional storage, office space, production zones, or packing areas, a mezzanine can be tailored to meet a wide variety of needs. It’s a flexible solution that grows with your business.

 

Quick Installation

 

Time is money. One of the most overlooked advantages of mezzanine floors is how quickly they can be installed compared to traditional construction. Depending on the size, some systems can be operational within days, not weeks.

 

Improves Workflow and Efficiency

 

By creating additional space, mezzanines allow for better organization and separation of functions (e.g., storage above, production below), which can streamline workflows and reduce product handling times.

 

Flexible and Bespoke Design

 

Mezzanines can be custom-designed to fit your specific needs and warehouse layout, including accommodating machinery, offices, meeting rooms, or specialized production areas. They can be adapted or expanded as your business evolves.

 

Customizable to Your Needs

 

Mezzanine systems can be designed to fit your warehouse’s unique dimensions and load requirements. You can customize features such as staircases, railings, lighting, and flooring materials to optimize safety and functionality.

 

Increased Property Value

 

Adding mezzanine flooring enhances the overall value of your warehouse property. The increased usable space makes your facility more attractive to future buyers or tenants, providing a strong return on investment.

 

Enhanced Safety and Employee Operation

 

Creating dedicated zones on mezzanine levels can reduce floor congestion and forklift traffic, improving workplace safety. Additionally, mezzanines can house employee facilities such as break rooms or offices, boosting comfort and productivity.

 

Best Mezzanine Floor For Warehouse Racking Manufacturer in China

HEDA Shelves has grown from its humble beginnings in 2001 offers high quality warehouse storage mezzanine that spans several industries. The dependable supply chain, many high-quality factories with racking & shelves process lines, and supported marketing resources of HEDA SHELVES all work together to provide the global market with OEM&ODM Mezzanine Floor Solution

 

Some of the products manufactured by the HEDA SHELVES include:

• Pallet Racking System
• Drive-in Racking
• Carton Flow Racking
• Mezzanine Racking
• Radio Shuttle Racking

If you finding cost-efficiency mezzanine floor solution contact us today.

Maintaining a clean, efficient, and quiet pool environment shouldn’t be a challenge. With the Shinhoo F-SP Pro Series, it isn’t. Designed specifically for residential pools, this new generation of permanent magnet pool pumps brings together cutting-edge efficiency, intelligent control, and quiet operation—meeting the real-world needs of today’s homeowners.

Exceptional Energy Efficiency

At the core of the F-SP Pro Series is advanced permanent magnet motor technology, delivering up to 75% energy savings compared to traditional pool pumps. Whether you're running daily filtration or heavy-duty cleaning cycles, the lower power consumption (as low as 340W) makes a noticeable impact on monthly utility bills.

Smart Dual Control Modes

Every pool has its own rhythm. That’s why the F-SP Pro offers dual control options: adjust by frequency or select from three RPM speed settings with a simple touch. It adapts instantly to your filtration, heating, or cleaning requirements—without technical headaches.

Superior Filtration Performance

From fallen leaves to fine debris, the F-SP Pro tackles suspended solids and impurities effortlessly—even in murky or heavily used pools. This ensures consistently clear water and a healthier swimming environment.

Whisper-Quiet Operation

Operating at ≤60 dB(A), the F-SP Pro Series blends seamlessly into the background. It’s quiet enough for peaceful evenings by the pool—no disruptive hum, just the sound of water and relaxation.

Built to Withstand the Elements

With an IP55-rated enclosure, this pump is engineered to resist rain, dust, and high temperatures, providing reliable performance in a variety of outdoor conditions. It’s a worry-free investment for long-term use.

 

Smart homes deserve smarter pool pumps. The Shinhoo F-SP Pro Series is not just an upgrade—it's a transformation of your pool experience.
Make the switch to efficiency, reliability, and peace of mind.