Laminated iron cores play a crucial role in various electrical devices, significantly influencing equipment performance and efficiency. Constructed by stacking thin silicon steel or iron alloy sheets with insulation between layers, this unique structural design equips laminated iron cores with multiple functions, making them indispensable in transformers, motors, inductors, and other devices.

Reducing Eddy Current Losses Significantly

Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, when an iron core is exposed to an alternating magnetic field, it generates an induced electromotive force, forming closed loops inside the core, resulting in eddy currents. Eddy currents cause the core to heat up, leading to energy loss and reduced device efficiency. By dividing the iron core into numerous thin sheets, laminated iron cores increase the resistance path for eddy currents. Due to the extreme thinness of each sheet, the eddy current flow is greatly reduced under the same induced electromotive force. For instance, in transformers, using laminated iron cores effectively reduces eddy current losses, enhancing electric energy transmission efficiency. Studies indicate that compared to solid iron cores, laminated iron cores can decrease transformer eddy current losses by orders of magnitude, significantly improving energy conservation during power transmission.

 

Optimizing Magnetic Performance Effectively

Materials like silicon steel inherently possess high magnetic permeability; however, in an alternating magnetic field, hysteresis can lead to energy loss. The laminated structure smoothens the flipping of magnetic domains in the core during magnetic field changes, reducing hysteresis losses. Additionally, the insulation layers between each sheet prevent lateral diffusion of magnetic flux, concentrating flux flow along the core's axial direction, enhancing magnetic permeability of the magnetic circuit, and strengthening electromagnetic induction effects. In motors, superior magnetic performance allows the motor to generate a more stable and stronger magnetic field during operation, increasing the motor's output torque and operational efficiency, ensuring the motor runs efficiently and reliably.

 

Enhancing Heat Dissipation Capability

The gaps between laminated sheets form natural heat dissipation channels. When equipment generates heat during operation, this heat dissipates more effectively through these gaps, helping lower the core's temperature, preventing performance degradation or damage due to overheating. For instance, in large generators, the excellent heat dissipation performance of laminated iron cores ensures that the generator maintains a stable operating temperature during extended high-load operations, enhancing the generator's reliability and lifespan.

 

Laminated iron cores, by reducing eddy current losses, optimizing magnetic performance, and enhancing heat dissipation capabilities, play an irreplaceable role in various electrical devices such as transformers, motors, and inductors. Their significance lies in improving equipment efficiency, performance, stability, as well as in achieving energy-saving and emission reduction goals. With ongoing technological advancements, the materials and manufacturing processes of laminated iron cores continue to evolve, promising to unleash even greater value across diverse fields in the future.

Laminated cores play a crucial role in electrical equipment. They are made by stacking thin silicon steel sheets or ferroalloy sheets and insulating them from each other. Its main purpose is to reduce eddy current losses and improve equipment efficiency. Take a transformer as an example. When alternating magnetic flux passes through the core, an induced electromotive force is generated. If the core is solid, a large eddy current will be formed, resulting in energy loss and core heating. The laminated core divides the core into thin sheets, confining the eddy current within a narrow circuit. The net electromotive force of the circuit is small, and the resistivity of the thin sheet material is high, effectively reducing the eddy current loss. In addition, laminated iron cores can also improve the magnetic field distribution, enhance the electromagnetic performance of the equipment, increase operational stability, and extend the service life of the equipment.

In an electric motor, laminated cores are equally important. It helps to reduce energy loss, improve motor efficiency, and enable the motor to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy more efficiently during operation. At the same time, it can also reduce the noise and vibration during the operation of the motor and improve the overall performance of the equipment.

In an electric motor, laminated cores are equally important. It helps to reduce energy loss, improve motor efficiency, and enable the motor to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy more efficiently during operation. At the same time, it can also reduce the noise and vibration during the operation of the motor and improve the overall performance of the equipment.

The adoption of laminated structure in transformer cores is a key design in electrical engineering, which is underpinned by profound physical principles and engineering considerations.

 

The challenge of eddy current loss

When alternating current passes through the windings of a transformer, a changing magnetic field is generated in the core. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, this changing magnetic field will induce a circular current inside the iron core, which is called "eddy current". If a single iron core is used, these eddy currents will cause a large amount of energy to be lost in the form of heat, not only reducing efficiency but also possibly causing the iron core to overheat.

 

Solution for laminated structure

This design can be made by stacking thin sheets of iron cores and coating each sheet with an insulating layer.

1.Significantly increase the resistance of the eddy current path

2.Limit the flow range of the vortex within a single thin sheet

3.Effectively reduce eddy current loss by over 90%

Material and process optimization

Modern transformers typically use silicon steel sheets with a thickness of 0.23 to 0.35mm. The addition of silicon further enhances the resistivity. The stacking direction is arranged along the magnetic field lines, which not only ensures the smoothness of the magnetic circuit but also minimizes the eddy current effect to the greatest extent.

 

This seemingly simple laminated design is actually the best solution to balance efficiency, cost and reliability, and remains one of the core technologies in transformer manufacturing to this day.

As energy efficiency and home comfort become top priorities for homeowners and OEMs alike, the demand for smart, reliable heating solutions is on the rise. At Shinhoo, we are proud to introduce GPA15-6F Circulating Pump, a high-performance circulator designed to meet the specific requirements of the North American market, with 110V compatibility and cutting-edge control features.

Designed for Modern Comfort Systems

Whether it's for a domestic heating system, hot water recirculation, or temperature-controlled pipeline, GPA15-6F delivers the performance and reliability that modern HVAC systems demand.

Its compact yet powerful design makes it the ideal solution for:

• Domestic heating systems
• Hot water circulation
• Temperature-controlled piping applications
• Stable & variable-flow heating
• Built for OEM Integration
• OEM partners will find GPA15-6F especially valuable thanks to its:
• Auto-Adaptive Control (AUTO Mode) for intelligent performance
• Delta-T Temperature Control to precisely match heating demands
• Ultra-quiet operation, perfect for indoor residential use
• High energy efficiency, helping to reduce overall system power consumption
• Easy installation and integration, saving time and cost in assembly lines

Engineered for North America

GPA15-6F is fully compatible with 110V power systems, making it an optimal solution for heating systems throughout North America, including the U.S. and Canada. It’s engineered with robust materials to ensure long-term reliability and reduced maintenance for end-users.

Partner with Shinhoo

At Shinhoo, we’re more than just a pump manufacturer—we’re a partner in your success. Our in-house R&D team is committed to delivering OEM-grade solutions that are easy to integrate, cost-effective, and backed by industry expertise.

 

 

At Shinhoo, quality is not an afterthought — it’s embedded in every step of our manufacturing process.

To support our growing base of European customers, OEM partners, and global distributors, we have invested heavily in precision testing technologies that guarantee every Shinhoo circulator pump meets and exceeds international standards.

Our in-house Testing Center,  equipped with the renowned Zeiss CONTURA Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM), plays a critical role in ensuring product consistency, dimensional accuracy, and long-term reliability. Every pump component undergoes rigorous inspection — from initial design validation to final assembly checks.

“We believe precision is the foundation of performance. By implementing world-class quality control systems, we give our partners the confidence they need to trust Shinhoo as a long-term supplier,” said a senior engineer at Shinhoo.

This facility strengthens Shinhoo’s ability to:

• Support OEM customization with exacting tolerances
• Ensure compliance with EU regulations and certifications
• Deliver stable, efficient products for HVAC, plumbing, and renewable systems

We welcome OEM clients, agents, and trade partners seeking reliable, scalable, and high-quality circulator pump solutions to explore what Shinhoo can offer.

Automotive connectors: Breaking Through the triple challenges of high voltage, intelligence, and cost Reduction

 

Amid the revolutionary wave of electrification and intelligence in the automotive industry, connectors, as the "neural network" of vehicles, are currently confronted with three core challenges: high-voltage carrying capacity, intelligent transmission, and cost control. How to break through the boundaries of technology? The industry has provided an innovative answer. Aichie Tech Electronics  Co., Ltd. is also constantly adapting to the new era and continuously updating its technologies in industries such as automotive connectors and automotive wiring harnesses.

 

 

 

I.High Voltage Challenge: Technological Breakthrough under the 800V Platform

As 800V high-voltage platforms become standard equipment for new energy vehicles, connectors need to deal with:

1.Current-carrying capacity and heat dissipation: AVIC Optoelectronics' "aluminum instead of copper" solution, through the innovation of aluminum-based contact parts, resolves the issue of electrochemical corrosion, achieving a 20% increase in current-carrying capacity and a 20% reduction in weight.

2.Insulation safety: The application of new materials such as high-density polyethylene has enabled the insulation withstand voltage level to exceed 3000V, reducing the arc risk by 90%.

3.Lightweight integration: The one-piece terminal design reduces parts by 30%, and the aluminum alloy housing is 40% lighter than traditional copper materials.

Typical case: The connector of a certain 800V fast charging model, through a three-dimensional heat dissipation structure design, keeps the temperature rise within 35K, which is 50% better than the industry standard.

 

II. Intelligent Upgrade: A Transmission Revolution in the Deluma of Data

Intelligent driving has led to an average annual growth rate of 300% in in-vehicle data transmission. The connector needs to achieve:

1.High speed and stability: TE Connectivity's 0.19mm composite cable reduces signal loss to 0.5dB/m through a multi-layer shielding structure, while reducing copper usage by 60%.

2.Anti-interference design: The combination scheme of metal braided shielding layer and magnetic filter reduces EMI interference by 70dB.

3.Multi-functional integration: The new generation of composite connectors CAN simultaneously transmit 48V power, 10Gbps Ethernet signals and CAN bus instructions, with port density increased by three times.

Technological breakthrough: The Rosenberg HFM® series connectors support 24Gbps data transmission, meeting the requirements of L4-level autonomous driving sensors.

 

III. Cost Reduction and Efficiency Enhancement: Innovative Paths under Cost Pressure

In response to the demand from automakers for an annual reduction of 8% to 12%, the industry has adopted:

1.Material substitution: The cost of conductive plastic terminals is 40% lower than that of copper products, and their performance meets the ISO 6722 standard.

2.Technological innovation: The fully automated production line has increased per capita output by 400% and reduced the defect rate to 50PPM.

3.Design optimization: The modular connector design reduces the number of SKUs by 60% and increases the inventory turnover rate by three times.

 

Effectiveness comparison: Through the integrated design of the connector system, a certain car manufacturer has shortened the total length of the wiring harness by 15 meters and reduced the cost per vehicle by 200 yuan. To assist the automotive industry in integrated design, Aichie also maintains close ties with major automakers, providing one-stop customized wiring harness solutions.

 

IV. The Way to Break the Deadlock: Three Major Directions of Collaborative Innovation

1.Vertical integration of the industrial chain: The joint research and development cycle of material suppliers, component factories and original equipment manufacturers is shortened by 30%

2.Digital twin applications: Simulation technology reduces development trial-and-error costs by 60%

3.Co-construction of the standard system: The China Automotive Connector Standards Committee has released 12 group standards

 

Future Prospects

The global automotive connector market size is expected to exceed 30 billion US dollars by 2025, among which:

1.The compound annual growth rate of high-voltage connectors is 28%

2.The penetration rate of high-speed connectors has reached 65%

3.The coverage rate of lightweight solutions exceeds 80%

 

The industry is building a new generation of technological moats through material revolutions (graphene conductors), structural innovations (liquid metal contacts), and process breakthroughs (3D printed terminals). This "big innovation" centered on "small components" will continue to drive the automotive industry towards in-depth development towards electrification and intelligence. It also provides a historical opportunity for technology catch-up players like Aichie to change lanes and overtake. By focusing on differentiated innovation in specific scenarios, Aichie is constantly updating and learning about technological innovations in high-voltage connectors to provide reliable connections for the industrial sector.

Introduction

In modern fuel-powered vehicles, the electrical system plays a crucial role, and the wiring harness is the "blood vessels" and "nerves" of the entire electrical system. It is responsible for transmitting power, signals and data to ensure the normal operation of various components such as the engine, lights, instruments and safety systems. So, what exactly are the wiring harnesses in a fuel-powered car? What are their respective functions?

 

 1. What is an automotive wiring harness?

A Wiring Harness for automobiles is an integrated system composed of multiple wires, cables, connectors, terminals, protective sleeves (such as tapes, bellows), etc. It is designed and assembled in accordance with the electrical layout of the vehicle to ensure that power, signals and data can be transmitted efficiently and stably.

Due to the complex internal environment of automobiles (high temperature, vibration, humidity, etc.), the wiring harness must meet the following requirements:

• High-temperature resistant (The engine compartment can reach over 120℃)
• Anti-vibration (preventing fracture caused by long-term vibration)
• Waterproof and dustproof (especially in the chassis and engine compartment)
• Electromagnetic shielding (to avoid signal interference

 

2. Classification of main wiring harnesses in fuel vehicles

The wiring harnesses of fuel vehicles are usually classified by functional areas and mainly include the following categories:

(1)Engine Harness

Function: Connect the engine control unit (ECU), sensors, actuators (such as fuel injectors, ignition coils), etc., to ensure the stable operation of the engine.

Main components:

• ECU wiring harness: Transmits engine control signals (such as fuel injection, ignition timing).
• Sensor wiring harness: Connects oxygen sensors, crankshaft position sensors, knock sensors, etc., providing real-time data.
• Actuator wiring harness: Controls fuel injectors, throttle valves, idle motors, etc.

Features: High-temperature resistant, oil-resistant, and usually made of high-specification insulating materials.

 

(2) Body Wire Harness in car

Function: Connect electrical devices inside the vehicle, such as lights, air conditioners, audio systems, power Windows, etc.

Main components:

• Lighting system wiring harness: connects headlights, taillights, turn signals, brake lights, etc.
• Air conditioning wiring harness: Controls compressors, blowers, and temperature sensors.
• Audio/entertainment system wiring harness: connects radios, speakers, and navigation systems.
• Electric window/door lock wiring harness: Controls window lifting and central locking.

Features: Complex wiring, requiring consideration of waterproofing (such as door wiring harnesses) and anti-interference (such as audio signal lines).

 

(3) Dashboard Wire Harness

Function: Connect to the dashboard, center console, airbags, etc.

Main components:

• Combined instrument wiring harness: Transmits information such as vehicle speed, rotational speed, fuel level, and water temperature.
• Airbag wiring harness: Connects the airbag sensor and the detonation device (high reliability required).
• Multimedia/navigation wiring harness: Supports display screens, reversing cameras, etc.

 Features: It is necessary to ensure stable signals and prevent false alarms (such as incorrect triggering of airbags).

 

(4) Chassis Wire Harness

Function: Connect components related to the chassis, such as ABS, ESP, suspension system, etc.

Main components:

• ABS/ESP wiring harness: Connects wheel speed sensors and hydraulic control units.
• Transmission wiring harness (for automatic transmission models) : Transmits shift signals.
• Suspension system wiring harness (for some high-end vehicles) : Connects the air suspension control module.

 Features: It needs to be wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant (the chassis is vulnerable to mud and water erosion).

 

(5) Trunk Wire Harness

Function: Connect the trunk lights, reversing radar, fuel pump, etc.

Main components:

• Fuel pump wiring harness: Supplies power to the fuel pump (directly affecting the fuel supply to the engine).
• Reversing radar/camera wiring harness: Supports reversing assistance system.
• Trunk light wiring harness: Provides lighting.

Features: Waterproof required (water may enter the trunk).

 

(6) CAN bus (Controller Area Network)

Function: Modern automobiles use CAN bus to replace some traditional wiring harnesses, achieving efficient data transmission (such as communication between the engine, transmission, and instruments).

Advantages:

• Reduce the weight of the wiring harness (traditional wiring harnesses may account for 5% of the total vehicle weight).
• Improve data transmission speed (such as vehicle speed and fault code sharing).

 

Application

The engine ECU communicates with the transmission ECU.

The dashboard displays the vehicle status (such as fault lights).

 

3. Common Faults and Maintenance of Automotive Wiring Harnesses

Although the wiring harness design is reliable, problems may still occur after long-term use:

(1) Common faults

• Open circuit: Wire breakage (such as frequent opening and closing of car doors causing fatigue of the wiring harness).
• Short circuit: The insulation layer is damaged, causing the positive and negative poles to come into contact (which may burn out the fuse).
• Poor contact: Terminal oxidation or loosening (such as the headlights flickering on and off).
• Corrosion: A humid environment causes the wiring harness to rust (especially the chassis wiring harness).

(2) Maintenance suggestions

• Regularly inspect the appearance of the wiring harness (for any wear or aging).
• Avoid modifying the circuit privately (which may cause overload or short circuit).
• After wading through water, check whether the wiring harness has taken in water (especially the engine wiring harness).

 

4. Future trends: Lightweight and intelligent wiring harnesses

As the degree of automotive electronicization increases, wiring harnesses are also constantly evolving:

• Lightweighting: Use aluminum wires and optical fibers to replace some copper wires (such as Tesla reducing the length of wire harnesses).
• High-speed data transmission: Supports in-vehicle Ethernet (for autonomous driving and high-definition cameras).
• Modular design: Simplifies installation and maintenance processes.

 

Aichie is a leading provider of connection solutions in the industry, focusing on producing high quality connectors, cables and wire harnesses. Aichie has hundreds of skilled employees in two factories, the domestic factory is located in the famous manufacturing city Dongguan City China , and the overseas factory is located in Tan Uyen City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam. Products are widely used in industries such as Automobiles, Clean Energy, Automation manufacturing, and Smart Homes.

Welcome to cooperate with us, we will do our best to help you win much more business opportunities!

Send inquiry: sales03@aichie.com

 

Although the automotive wiring harness may seem insignificant, it is the core of the entire vehicle's electrical system. From engine control to airbags, from headlights to entertainment systems, every wire is playing a silent role. Understanding the classification and functions of wiring harnesses can not only help car owners maintain their vehicles better, but also enable us to have a deeper understanding of the operating principles of automobiles.

When refining concrete, terrazzo, or stone floors, the terms "burnishing" and "polishing" are frequently confused, but they represent distinct finishing techniques, particularly regarding the tools used. Recognizing these differences is crucial for choosing the appropriate method to achieve the desired look and durability of the surface.

Polishing is a detailed mechanical process that involves multiple steps with progressively finer abrasives to eliminate scratches and create a smooth, shiny finish. It usually begins with metal diamond grinding tool for grinding, followed by resin polishing pad. These tools penetrate the surface layer, gradually enhancing it to a high-gloss finish. The focus of polishing is on improving surface flatness and clarity, making it a common choice for preparing floors in retail, commercial, and upscale residential environments.

In contrast, burnishing is more of a maintenance procedure rather than a material removal technique. It employs non-aggressive pads—often diamond-impregnated or fiber polishing pads—operating at high speeds to heat the surface and enhance its natural shine. Unlike polishing, burnishing does not remove material; instead, it improves the appearance of an already polished floor. Diamond burnishing pads are particularly favored for maintaining the shine of polished concrete without disturbing the surface.

The difference in tool selection highlights the practical distinctions between the two methods. Polishing necessitates a range of tools with varying grit levels, such as resin-bond pads from 50 to 3,000 grit. Burnishing, however, typically requires fewer tools—often just a single high-speed machine with a burnishing pad that interacts with the surface through friction and pressure. This makes burnishing a quicker and more cost-effective option for regular maintenance.

While both techniques enhance the visual appeal of floors, polishing is about transformation, whereas burnishing focuses on preservation. Understanding when to use each method can help prevent unnecessary wear and reduce maintenance expenses. Choosing the right tools for each process ensures both effectiveness and long-term surface protection.

It takes more than simply physical strength to remove stubborn surface coatings like epoxy, glue, and paint from concrete; the proper instruments designed for effectiveness and longevity are needed. Using specialist removal equipment can result in a cleaner, more consistent finish and a significant reduction in labor time, whether you're working on a large commercial space or a private garage.

PCD tools are among the best choices. These instruments are made especially to remove tough coatings without smearing or clogging. PCD segments' aggressiveness enables them to swiftly remove tough adhesives and thick epoxy coatings, revealing a clean surface that is prepared for refinishing. Even in harsh circumstances, their resistance to wear guarantees a long tool life.

EZ Change PCD tools are a notable product on the market because of its rapid mounting mechanism. These tools assist contractors meet deadlines by providing great removal power and enabling quick adjustments on the job site. They work well for both thick and thin coatings, and they can withstand demanding tasks without degrading.

Husqvarna PCD tooling, which is designed to integrate easily with Husqvarna grinders, is another dependable option. These tools lessen the chance of gouging the concrete by providing a good balance between vigorous removal and surface management. They are a popular choice for contractors looking for accuracy and efficiency, particularly in situations involving professional resurfacing and coating removal.

Scanmaskin Combiflex PCD tooling offers easy handling and strong coating removal for users of Scanmaskin grinders. These tools, which are made especially for Combiflex machines, provide the best contact and stability possible, making them ideal for quickly and easily lifting adhesives, mastic, and several coats of paint.

In addition to expediting the process, selecting the appropriate PCD removal tools for your equipment guarantees a surface that is prepared for polishing or recoating. These tools assist professionals get better results with less downtime when they combine segment design, bond strength, and machine compatibility.

The effectiveness and longevity of diamond grinding tools are significantly affected by the bonding process that secures the diamond particles. The bonding material serves as the support matrix for the diamonds, influencing their exposure and wear during operation. Consequently, the bond is a vital factor in determining the tool's efficiency, grinding speed, and lifespan on various surfaces.

There are multiple types of bonds typically utilized in diamond tooling, each designed for specific uses. For instance, metal bond diamond grinding discs are perfect for heavy grinding on tough surfaces due to their durability and resistance to wear. In contrast, resin bond diamond polishing tool offers more flexibility for fine polishing, while hybrid floor polishing pads effectively bridge the gap between grinding and polishing stages. Choosing the right bond type is crucial to align the tool with the hardness of the material being processed.

The bond must wear at a controlled pace to continually reveal new, sharp diamonds. For softer materials like green concrete, a hard bond is necessary to avoid quick wear, while a softer bond is more effective on harder surfaces, allowing for efficient diamond release. Incorrect bonding can result in tool glazing or early wear, leading to inefficiency and increased costs.

Moreover, the concentration and arrangement of diamonds within the bond are critical to performance. A well-balanced bond formula promotes even wear, stable grinding, and uniform surface finishes. This is why professional-grade tools undergo rigorous formulation and testing to meet the specific requirements of different floor conditions and machine compatibility.

At TransGrind, we recognize the essential role of bonding in tool performance. That’s why our diamond tools are crafted with precise bond formulations to guarantee high efficiency, durability, and consistent outcomes in both grinding and polishing tasks. To discover our complete selection of premium diamond grinding tools, please visit us at www.transgrindtools.com.